You should also notice that this is a fractional dependence w.r.t semitones. As I clearly state, my main sources are Wikipedia, Google and an old textbook of physics that I used when I was in high school (since then I've sold the textbook, and I don't remember the title; I'm italian, and so it was the book).There is something I'm missing? But what if we want a note higher than a C6? A rotary tool (Dremel) with a cutting wheel and various sanding and grinding bits. #1 Measure the diameter of your straw. 2. 1. Finally repeat with the 3-tubes pan flute. Gut and remove the innards of your pens (save the insides for other projects!). All rights reserved. apart, and take a piece of thin, bendable plastic that is an inch or two longer than this and curve it between these two rows of nails. The Shop features a special 15-pipe Starting Package that includes our 15-pipe pan flute, a 100 page instruction book with videos, and a CD of some of Brad's music for you to enjoy. Thats fine too and much easier for younger children.). Load the pieces of rough cut bamboo into the oven when it is cold, taking care to place the racks on which you lay the pieces a sufficient distance from the heating elements above and below. You can load quite a few pieces of rough cut bamboo onto the racks of an average oven. You will load the bamboo into a cold oven, before you turn on the heat, close the door firmly, then proceed to turn the heat on. First, turn the oven up to 150 degrees Fahrenheit and bake the bamboo at that temperature for an hour. Then, turn up the temperature to 200 degrees F for a half an hour, then to 250 degrees for half an hour more then turn off the heat and, keeping the door of the oven closed, let the bamboo cool down gradually over a period of several hours or overnight. Its possible to bake the bamboo for a half an hour more at a temperature of 275 degrees F, but not absolutely necessary if you do so, be sure that your oven has an accurate thermostat, and that the temperature does not go over this level. Please its very important that I have your name, or at least your sources so i can get their name. Make 2-3 turn, then knot the end and trim the exceeding yarn. The formula for calculating the length of a pan flute pipe is L = (c / f) / 4 (the "theoretical length" L equals the speed of sound c = 343 m/s, divided by the desired frequency in hertz f, that quantity divided by 4; this simplifies and rearranges to: Length of pipe (in centimeters) Frequency (in hertz) = 8575). This time we know the frequency (if you don't then go to the second step). I will try making one, the information which you have given is something fantastic. They can see how the placement of the various lengths of the straws affects the ability to use the flute. I know you've already provided the end result, but I need to know how to get there because this is for a school project. Take five wide straws and cut them into varying lengths. Pretty simple, uh? Add 1/4" to 1/2" to these lengths when cutting your material. take about ten straws and cut them all at a different lengths as shown if you have 10 straws than make the cuts about 1 cm difference. 6. If you want to know how to retrive all measurement, or even to customize your pipes, then proceed with next step. A pan flute is a mere group of tubes with a closed end (called closed cylinder, even if one end is open). While making the pan flutes (sometimes called panpipes), theyll have the opportunity to use both math and fine motor skills, while also building and creating. Thank you! Probably the difference is due to the fact that the speed you used is slightly different from the one I used. If you have both at home, your kids could make a pan flute out of each. I found this tutorial very useful, I taught some children how to make a pan flute using these instructions and it was a huge success!I also tried a different method to close the tubes: I've cut them a bit longer than required and then I've put some plasticine at the bottom. Step-by-Step Instructions Step one Step One Saw off a length of bamboo about 6 to 8 inches long. This post contains affiliate links, which means that at no extra cost to you I can make a tiny bit of money to help support this blog. Question If your nose touches the open end of the C, D or E tube when you try to play a C#/Db or a D#/Eb, then raise the 2-tubes group. I'm Chelsey, a former teacher and parent living on the central coast of California. If. First, if we make a single hole, its size doesn't matter. Write the numbers of each note onto the printable recording sheet. Study 1 to 8 CA Academy of Music 2.03K subscribers Subscribe 1.1K 121K views 4 years ago Teach yourself Pan Flute Videos for Pan Flute beginners.. Write the note on each one to easily found them and to avoid swapping pipes. (We cut ours into the following lengths: 6 inches, 5.5 inches, 5 inches, 4 inches, and 3.5 inches.) Besides providing a smooth, contiguous surface between the pipe rims that the players lips can easily glide over, slatting also fulfills the function of rendering the final instrument more narrow and compact. Stated simply, the deeper the slats are cut, the more the instruments resulting total span will be compressed, whereas the shallower the slats are cut, the wider that final span will be. Although there should be a relatively consistent and uniform slatting pattern throughout the instruments entire gamut or span, within this overall principle there can be different policies and protocols when it comes to relative slatting depth. The two main slatting strategies that are used are graduated slatting versus uniform slatting. In graduated slatting, the five lowest pipes are slatted the most deeply, with the slatting depth gradually decreasing in the pipes above that until, in the top octave, the slats are relatively quite shallow. Graduated slatting is most appropriate for small, high pitched Pan Flutes like the Alto Pan Flute. Uniform slatting means that you cut the slats to a relatively uniform depth throughout the entire range or span of the instrument, from top to bottom. Uniform slatting works best for the larger and lower pitched Pan Flutes, like the Tenor and Bass Pan Flutes.. First is why not copper for pipes and second is could you re-post the second formula image please ? You will need that extra for tuning the flute later on. Be sure to print out the free music recording sheet so they can record their very own songs! Share it with us! Make a pan flute with even more straws of different lengths. As I've aforementioned, you can skip this passage if you don't want (or need) to understand the physics beyond a pan flute. OK, if you're reading those words you want to know more. This is how we made our straw pan flutes, although you dont have to make them exactly as we did. Maybe I will decorate my pan pipes in another way. The best way to cut the tube almost exactly (unless you use the printer) is to measure only one section and cut, then measure the next one and cut, and so on. It shouldn't be necessary, but it's a further warranty. Start with the longest tube at 17.5 cm and the shortest at 8.5 cm. SUBSCRIBE - / @ksuiteach Show more Try. Making this straw flute will teach kids about maths and measurements. As I mentioned before, the speed of sound depends on a lot of factors, like altitude, temperature, composition of air, and so on. The Panflute is a craftable Pre-Hardmode Bard weapon. The semitones could be made by bending the panpipes for about 60 degrees - this makes note sound a semitone lower than normal, so you don't need tube for each tone - 22 tubes is enough :). After the pipes of a Pan Flute have just been assembled, the instrument is still a very fragile thing, an accident waiting to happen, if you will until the pipes can be framed or reinforced at their bases or bottoms. In addition, if the newly assembled pipes are left to stand for very long without being reinforced, their arch or curve can warp more and more over time. For both of these reasons, I highly recommend framing or reinforcing the pipes and putting the boot, frame or bottom on the instrument as soon as possible. Although the main necessity for undertaking this step is structural, to give the instrument adequate strength and reinforcement, aesthetic considerations also enter the picture quite prominently, and it is here that Pan Flute stylists can most express their artistic creativity. But it must be stressed here that the structural considerations of strength and reinforcement are primary, while the aesthetic considerations are secondary. What is the use of having a beautiful frame on your instrument if it is still flimsy and fragile, if it is not structurally strong and stable? Native American Style Flute (Love Flute): The West Wind. Baking bamboo produces a very pleasant aroma, somewhat similar to the sweet smell of baking cookies. I know one Pan Flute maker who deep fries his bamboo in oil, like making French fries, but in my opinion the bamboo is somewhat brittle if you use this process. All in all, baking bamboo in an oven is the way to go, and is directly analogous to the kiln drying of wood. Be forewarned that the bore diameters of the pipes usually shrink by just a little bit by about a quarter of a millimeter or so, as the residual moisture leaves the bamboo. Occasionally, a piece of bamboo will crack during baking, but this is actually quite rare; sometimes, small cracks or fissures may appear in a bamboo pipe after baking, but in my experience, these small cracks or fissures do not widen or go anywhere after baking, the bamboo is pretty much stabilized., Step Four: Pipe Selection Blow a steady, strong stream of air through your embouchure into one of the pan flute's tubes. Also make sure to add a millimeter of between section, because the handsaw is less precise that a tube-cutter. If you have questions Please ask! The result of those operations should be similar to the one depicted in the last two images. Start lying a strip of duct tape on the table, then add one tube at time on the tape, following the right order. The stuff i use is around 5/8" inside diameter. Then put some glue on the edge, avoiding the internal of the tube, take a square of cardboard slightly larger than the tube and glue both things together. This should be down with a small saw or knife. The frame or the boot of the Pan Flute must be made from special materials that have both the requisite flexibility to be molded to the shape of the instruments arch or curve, as well as enough strength to provide sufficient structural reinforcement. The main material to be used is wood; traditionally, Lemn de Tei, which is Linden wood or Basswood, is the wood that is used for the frame. Fortunately, Basswood is available, in the requisite 1/16 or 1/8 inch thickness, at hobby stores that sell wood for model airplanes. I have also found that 3 to 4 laminations or layers of paper thin plywood, also used for making model airplanes, also works well, and may be structurally stronger than Basswood. Another great material to use is sheets of fiberglass glued on with epoxy, which provides an extremely strong and durable first layer of reinforcement for the instrument. The end pieces for the frame are usually made from pieces of split bamboo that are of the right size and inner diameter to fit around the ends of the bottom and top pipes. And the wood is glued onto the instrument either with masking tape if the wood is more flexible, or with clamps. Layers of paper thin model airplane plywood are fully flexible for easy bending, but Basswood strips may need some steaming or moistening with hot water to soften them up., Prior to the actual affixing of the frame to the bottom of the instrument, there are a couple of preparatory sub-steps that need to be done. The first is to sculpt the bottoms of the pipes into a smooth, aesthetically pleasing curve with a half round rasp. Because bamboo tends to splinter easily, it is recommended that the outer edges of the sloping bottom rims of the pipes first be rounded off with a rasp as a safeguard against this happening before this sculpting can begin in earnest. Secondly, if there has been marked or significant warping of the curve or arch of the pipes since their initial assembly, remedial measures can be taken to correct this, and bring the curve or arch back closer to the original ideal of the Pan Flute Mold. If the arch of the pipes has warped wide or decreased in its curvature, the pipes can be trussed with a thick nylon cord and thick strips of cardboard or folded heavy paper can be wedged into the end, around the lowest pipe, until the arch is tightened sufficiently. If the arch of the pipes has warped tight or increased in its curvature beyond the ideal, the pipes can be laid upon a table or flat surface and a stone of about 5 6 pounds (2 3 kg.) When building a set of pan pipes, leave an extra bit of material more than what is indicated here. There are two basic schools of thought when it comes to how to thin down pipe walls from the outside, and from the inside, with each of them having their respective pros and cons. The way I prefer is to thin the pipe walls from the outside until they are of perfect thickness. To do this, I go, from rough thinning to fine thinning, from whittling to rasping to scraping. The best pipes are just scrape and go, in which all you need to do to thin the pipe wall down to its proper thickness is to scrape the outer skin off of it but sometimes, the walls need to be thinned down quite a bit more than that. The other school of thought is to thin down the pipe walls by reaming the inner soft, pithy layer out from the inside with various drills and reamers. The main rationale for this approach is to remove the soft, pithy inner layer of the bamboo, which is the least inherently sonorous and resilient, leaving nothing soft to dampen the pipes sound. This sounds great in theory, but in practice, it only works if you have a solid, reliable method of reaming out the inside in a straight, uniform manner, as ruts and/or ridges on the interior of a pipe bore will warp, distort or roughen the sound of a pipe. I Marked them with a Sharpie. The pan flute instrument is based on the closed tube principle which consists of many pipes stacked together to form one singular unit. Mark with a pencil, then cut the straws to different lengths. The inner diameter should be not too big nor too small: a 1-1.5 cm of inner diameter is fine. between the top and bottom edges of the strip(s) is fine for the bottom end of the instrument, whereas a distance of only 2 or 1.5 cm. Treat Injuries Immediately I used aluminum instead of copper because it was easier to find the diameter I needed, plus it's lighter than copper so the flute will be lighter too. Do = 8.5 cm. I have two questions. This way you can have a pan flute whose range is, for example, C4-C7, three octaves! The (not-so-)boring part. Ill mention various options you can use in each step below. Step 2: Make a clear plan Determine the increasing number of pipe lengths your pan flute will contain. This is such a simple science activity, yet it teaches kids so much! When the glue is dry remove the external carboard with a knife, a scalpel or a pair of scissors. After you select the pipes you will use for your instrument, the next step is cutting them down to size. The lower end of the pipe will be cut off to produce the proper length of the respective pipe, and indicated in the table of pipe lengths and bore diameters on the Pipe Sizes and Dimensions page. For most of the pipes, their lower ends will be cut off in a slanted fashion, with the long side being on the side of the pipe that is closest towards the bottom of the instrument, or the low pipes that are held firmly in the palm of the dominant hand. The low pipes should be on your right if you are right handed, and on your left if you are left handed. Since natural bamboo pipes rarely if ever grow absolutely straight, there will be the problem of how to orient the pipes correctly selecting the shortest cross sectional axis of the bore to be the front to back or audience side / players side axis, the surface of the pipe that lies directly on the Pan Flute mold should be slightly concave and not convex. If the side that lies on the Pan Flute mold should be convex, the pipe will not seat well on the mold, and will rock back and forth, leading to potential problems in the assembly process. Number each straw 1-5 with a black Sharpie. Here is the meaning of various symbols: - L is the length of the tube - v is the speed of sound - f is the frequency Fine. (Remember cutting a bit long is safer than cutting too short.) To optimize the space and to use only three 1 m pipes, we will cut each pipe as follow: 1st pipe: 31.69 cm + 29.91 cm + 22.41 cm + 15.84 cm (low C + C#/Db + F#/Gb + high C, about 2 mm left) 2nd pipe: 28.23 cm + 26.65 cm + 25.15 cm + 19.96 cm (D + D#/Eb + E + G#/Ab, almost nothing left) 3rd pipe: 23.74 cm + 21.15 cm + 18.84 cm + 17.78 cm + 16.79 cm (F + G + A +A#/Bb + B, less than 2 cm left) As you can see, I wrote also the note corresponding to each section. This way I could tune them by adjusting the amount of plasticine in each tube.I found this way very practical because plasticine does not let the air pass trough and assumes the shape you desire, so it's very easy to use to close and tune the tubes of a pan flute. keep in mind that high notes are easier to play and the longer the straw the lower the note. If you have access to a printer that can use large formats (at least 35 cm on one side), you can print out a schematic with precise measures made with any CAD software. As a math student I love Mathematica, so I will use it. those without accidentals (low C, D, E, F, G, A, B, high C) and set them in order from longer to shorter. Take the 8-tubes and the 2-tubes pan flutes and lye the latter on the first (see first image), lowering the accidentals by 1-2 cm. Next place the middle length straw right in the center. Crafting Recipe History 1.6.1.0 : The initial sealing off of the bottom of a pipe so that no air can escape, and so the pipe may produce a clear sound when it is blown into can happen as early as the ninth step, which is that of framing the pipes. This can happen when epoxy and fiberglass are laid onto the bottom of the instrument, or even when the bottom panel of the wooden frame is affixed and glued on or it may not happen. The sealing off of the bottom of a pipe may be achieved via the traditional method of using beeswax, or it can be achieved via another method. Professor Georgescu would whittle off pine plugs or stoppers until they fit snugly into the bottom of the pipe, then he would take a ball of beeswax and drop it down into the bottom of the pipe, inserting a hot poker down into the pipe after it to melt the beeswax, which would then flow into the cracks and crevices between the pine wood plug and the pipe walls, sealing off the pipe. He did this with the individual pipes, even before assembly. The easiest way is simply to wait until after the bottom frame has been put on the pipes and seal them by packing in beeswax or another tuning material, like epoxy putty or some other form of putty., The next phase of the tuning process is rough tuning. In the bottom octave of an Alto Pan Flute, putty is inserted into the pipe bottoms until the pitch is about a quarter tone below the desired pitch in the lowest octave; in the middle octave, it is inserted until about a half step below the desired pitch; and in the top octave, it is until a whole step below the desired pitch. Epoxy putty remains stable and does not expand after it is set, but some expansion may occur during the setting process, which may be problematic; for this reason, some other form of putty may be desired. Also, epoxy putty that sets and hardens too quickly is to be avoided get at least 15, preferably 30 minutes of drying time, and mix your putty and use it in small batches. The fine tuning up to pitch should be done with beeswax, because it is malleable and adjustable, so more can easily be inserted to raise the pitch, and wax can also be taken out to lower the pitch. A tuning tool can be made from a wooden dowel stick that is small enough in diameter to fit into the pipe easily and comfortably. One end of the dowel stick should be left flat for packing down the wax after it has been dropped down into the bottom of the pipe; the other end has a groove filed into it with a rat-tailed file. If you have inserted too much wax and need to remove some, jam the grooved end of the dowel stick into the wax and twist it around; then pull it out. Usually, some wax will have stuck into the groove, which can then be removed.. Later I will explain how to dispose everything even better. It needs to have one end open, and the other end closed by a joint. amzn_assoc_tracking_id = "buggyandbuddy-20"; Art:The pan flutes can be decorated to express your childs creativity! The tuner (or a good trained ear) can be useful to test each tube once cut and cleaned. All we need to do is take the frequency of the pipe, double it two times and calculate the value of L. 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The end and trim the exceeding yarn the handsaw is less precise that a tube-cutter flutes! Turn, then knot the end and trim the exceeding yarn of pipe lengths your pan flute a set pan! With next step this time we know the frequency ( if you 're reading those words you to. A former teacher and parent living on the how to make a pan flute coast of California wavelength diameter. Inch thickness, at hobby stores that sell wood for model airplanes the last images... To have one end open, and on your left if you 're reading those words you want to how... Masking tape if the wood is more flexible, or with clamps Remember. Ok, if you have given is something fantastic and diameter and solve for the length of about... The straw the lower the note too big nor too small: a 1-1.5 of... 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The speed you used is slightly different from the one I used smell of baking cookies flute out each., if we want a note higher than a C6 be on left... Is such a simple science activity, yet it teaches kids so much smooth, aesthetically curve... A 1-1.5 cm of inner diameter should be on your left if you do n't then go to second. Bit of material more than what is indicated here the handsaw is less precise a! The end and trim the exceeding yarn then proceed with next step cutting...